Functional surface homogenization of nanobiochar with cation exchanger for improved removal performance of methylene blue and lead pollutants

Abstract Biochar materials are good examples of sustainable adsorbents with appreciable recent interests and applications in water treatment. The disadvantage using unmodified pristine biochars treatment is mainly related to the inhomogeneous distribution various surface functional groups. Therefore, current study designed functionalize homogenize a selected nanobiochar cation exchanger hydrothermal solvothermal microwave irradiation. adsorption behavior immobilized Amberlite onto Cynara scolymus (ACE@CSNB) was compared versus (CSNB). ACE@CSNB categorized as typical mesoporous material (mean pore size = 2.238 nm) FT-IR spectra confirmed modification via two characteristic peaks at 1140–1250 cm −1 1030–1070 for R-SO 3 − S O. TPD–MS analysis CSNB referred presence carboxyl, lactonic, acid anhydride groups well phenolic moieties. methylene blue dye lead ions by found much higher than those concluded providing maximum adsorptive capacity values owing played clear role exchanger. Moreover, efficiently regenerated MB Pb (II) removal 92.26% 1000 µmol g , respectively Finally, efficiency from three matrices biochar were characterized 91.74–98.19% 96.27–99.14% MB, refer validity applicability investigated these pollutants real samples excellent efficiency. Graphical